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Cancer is the development or uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body which divide uncontrollably. These diseased have the ability to infiltrate and destroy normal body cells. They spread via lymph system and blood in our body.
Different types of cancer exist as per type of cells or organs from where they originates. Some are below mentioned:-
This cancer begins in fat,blood vessels,cartilage,bone,muscles or any other supportive or connective tissue outside bone marrow.
This cancer originates in bone marrow.
The cancer that starts in lymphatic system of the body. Lymphatic system is a network of glands and vessels that help fight against infection.
Cancer that arises in plasma cells, a type of white blood cell.
Cancer caused by changes (mutation) to the DNA within cells. DNA inside the cell is group of large number of individuals genes,which contain set of individual genes. Each contain a set of instructions for cell functioning,as well as how to divide and grow. Errors causes abnormal function of cells and led them to cancerous.
Some general signs and symptoms associated with, but not specific.
Procedure in which surgeon remove cancer from body.
Treatment or therapy by which drug uses to kill cancer cells.
Treatment by which high powered energy beams such as X rays or protons uses to kill cancer cells.
It is a biological therapy uses body’s immune system to fight cancer.
Treatment that target the changes in cancer cells that help divide, grow and spread.
Treatment which slows or stops the growth of breast and prostate cancers, Removing those hormones or blocking their effects may cause the cancer cells to stop growing.
Treatment that kills cancer cells with cold. During this treatment Cyroprobe inserted through skin or directly into the cancerous tumour.
A treatment that replaces the unhealthy marrow with a healthy one is called Bone marrow transplant.
A soft, spongy tissue inside the bones that makes blood stem cells. These cells turns into blood cells including WBC, RBC and Platelet.
Before transplant patient need Chemotherapy with or without radiation to destroy the diseased cells and marrow, then healthy cells are given. The healthy cells circulate into bloodstream through Intravenous(IV) or tube. The cells find their way into marrow where they grow and start producing RBC, WBC and Platelets.
Patient own blood forming cells are collected,frozen and stored. After Chemotherapy or radiation given back to patient.
The cells are collected by two ways;-
Peripheral Blood Stem Cells(PBSC)- Cells are collected from bloodstream through veins. This process is called Aspheresis.
Bone marrow collection:- Cells are collected from the Pelvic(Hip) bone during surgery.
If patient have allogeneic transplant, then patient get healthy blood forming cells donated by someone else. Patient get donated blood forming cells from umbilical cord blood.
Successful transplant comes when Human Leukocyte antigen(HLA) type closely matches with donor. Close matches of HLA between patient and donor helps lower the risk of problems after transplant. HLA markers matching is much more complex than matching blood types.
It’s a type of allogeneic transplant where donor matches exactly half of patient HLA. Haploidentical or half matched donor is usually patient’s mother, father or child.
